Zrození Venuše je obraz namalovaný Sandrem Botticellim, který nejspíše vznikl podobně jako jiný obraz Primavera v období kolem roku 1478 nebo 1483–1486.Na rozdíl od Primavery je zde kompozice pojatá zleva doprava – dvojice letících zefyrů svým dechem ovívá zcela nahou Venuši stojící na mořské lastuře, zatímco na břehu čeká Hóra, aby ji mohla zahalit do pláště. [14], Although the pose of Venus is classical in some respects, and borrows the position of the hands from the Venus Pudica type in Greco-Roman sculptures (see section below), the overall treatment of the figure, standing off-centre with a curved body of long flowing lines, is in many respects from Gothic art. Rojstvo Venere (italijansko: Nascita di Venere) je slika italijanskega umetnika Sandra Botticellija, verjetno narejena sredi 1480-ih.Upodablja boginjo Venero, ki je na obrežje prispela po rojstvu, ko je iz morja izstopila popolnoma odrasla (imenovana Venera Anadiomena in pogosto upodobljena v umetnosti). What became a famous example of this type is the Venus de' Medici, a marble sculpture that was in a Medici collection in Rome by 1559, which Botticelli may have had opportunity to study (the date it was found is unclear). [18], Botticelli's art was never fully committed to naturalism; in comparison to his contemporary Domenico Ghirlandaio, Botticelli seldom gave weight and volume to his figures and rarely used a deep perspectival space. The composition of the painting is quite simple: in the center, there’s a figure of Venus, goddess of love, standing in a shell being washed up on a beach, blown there by two personifications of winds visible on the left, and welcomed by a maiden on the right. It depicts the goddess Venus arriving at the shore after her birth, when she had emerged from the sea fully-grown (called Venus Anadyomene and often depicted in art). The composition, with a central nude figure, and one to the side with an arm raised above the head of the first, and winged beings in attendance, would have reminded its Renaissance viewers of the traditional iconography of the Baptism of Christ, marking the start of his ministry on earth. Paintings by Sandro Botticelli; Media in category "Paintings by Sandro Botticelli" The following 13 files are in this category, out of 13 total. Tradition associates the image of Venus in Botticelli's painting with the famous beauty Simonetta Cattaneo Vespucci, of whom popular legend claims both Lorenzo and his younger brother, Giuliano, were great admirers. At the start of the 16th century, the painting hung together with Primavera in the country villa of the Medici in Castello. Legouix, 21 argues for the traditional one for the female held by Zephyr. Botticelli made consistent use of the circular tondo form and did many beautiful female nudes, according to Vasari. Vasari was probably correct in identifying her as "Aura", personification of a lighter breeze. At the left the wind god Zephyr blows at her, with the wind shown by lines radiating from his mouth. The painting is in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. [16] The painting depicts the world of the imagination rather than being very concerned with realistic depiction.[17]. Like Botticelli’s other masterpiece, Pallas and the Centaur, the Birth of Venus is painted on canvas - fairly unusual for its time - using a technique of thin tempera, based on the use of diluted egg yolk, which lends itself particularly well to give the painting that aspect of extraordinary transparency, which brings to … The full text of the article is here →, {{$parent.$parent.validationModel['duplicate']}}, 1-{{getCurrentCount()}} out of {{getTotalCount()}}, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Birth_of_Venus. Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510) was an Italian Renaissance painter. Venus is the Roman goddess of love, beauty, fertility and prosperity. [10], The painting is on two pieces of canvas, sewn together before starting, with a gesso ground tinted blue. Aside from his painting of the Primavera, Sandro Botticellis other greatest work, done for the Medici family, is the Birth of Venus. In 1550 Vasari was himself painting in the villa, but he very possibly visited it before that. Dempsey uses these identifications. El nacimiento de Venus (en italiano, La Nascita di Venere) es un cuadro realizado por el pintor renacentista Sandro Botticelli, una de las obras cumbre del maestro florentino y del Quattrocento italiano.Está ejecutado al temple sobre lienzo y mide 278,5 cm de ancho por 172,5 cm de alto. The Birth of Venus is a painting by Sandro Botticelli (1445 – May 17, 1510). So, looking at Venus, the most beautiful of goddesses, might at first raise a physical response in viewers which then lifted their minds towards the godly. Scallops were familiar Italian seafood, but their shells are never more than a few inches wide. [46], Rather than choosing one of the many interpretations offered for Botticelli's depiction of the Birth (Arrival?) Es stellt die Göttin Venus dar. [39], The painter and the humanist scholars who probably advised him would have recalled that Pliny the Elder had mentioned a lost masterpiece of the celebrated ancient Greek painter, Apelles, representing Venus Anadyomene (Venus Rising from the Sea). Pliny went on to note that Apelles' painting of Pankaspe as Venus was later "dedicated by Augustus in the shrine of his father Caesar." [26] Many art historians who specialize in the Italian Renaissance have found Neoplatonic interpretations, of which two different versions have been articulated by Edgar Wind and Ernst Gombrich,[27] to be the key to understanding the painting. [3] At the left the wind god Zephyr blows at her, with the wind shown by lines radiating from his mouth. [11][12], As in the Primavera, the green pigment – used for the wings of Zephyr, Zephyr's companion, and the leaves of the orange trees on the land – has darkened considerably with exposure to light over time, somewhat distorting the intended balance of colours. [47], Botticelli, or more likely his workshop, repeated the figure of Venus in another painting of about 1490. The main European species eaten are. C This article has been rated as C-Class on the project's quality scale. It depicts the goddess Venus arriving at the shore after her birth, when she had emerged from the sea fully-grown (called Venus Anadyomene and often depicted in art). Pliny also stated that "the lower part of the painting was damaged, and it was impossible to find anyone who could restore it. Thus, in Botticelli's interpretation, Pankaspe (the ancient living prototype of Simonetta), the mistress of Alexander the Great (the Laurentian predecessor), becomes the lovely model for the lost Venus executed by the famous Greek painter Apelles (reborn through the recreative talents of Botticelli), which ended up in Rome, installed by Emperor Augustus in the temple dedicated to Florence's supposed founder Julius Caesar. At the right a female figure who may be floating slightly above the ground holds out a rich cloak or dress to cover Venus when she reaches the shore, as she is about to do. The seashell she stands on was a symbol in classical antiquity for a woman's vulva. Most art historians agree, however, that the Birth does not require complex analysis to decode its meaning, in the way that the Primavera probably does. [13] The blues of the sea and sky have also lost their brightness. He is best known for The Birth of Venus, painted c. 1482-1486. Ông thuộc trường phái … [19] The clumps of bulrushes in the left foreground are out of place here, as they come from a freshwater species.[20]. A joyous celebration of female sexuality, its journey to worldwide fame was far from straightforward and it lay in obscurity for centuries. The inventory was only published in 1975, and made many previous assumptions invalid. Another poem by Politian speaks of Zephyr causing flowers to bloom, and spreading their scent over the land, which probably explains the roses he blows along with him in the painting. This article is within the scope of WikiProject Italy, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of articles on Italy on Wikipedia. The Birth of Venus, painted by Sandro Botticelli in the 1480s, is one of the most famous paintings in the world: it is a celebrated work of art and the high point of a visit to the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.It is also a commercial icon and a line mark of European Art. He is in the air, and carries a young female, who is also blowing, but less forcefully. This was all apparently applied after the painting was framed. We have to remember that the painting today is not as glorious it was initially. Botticelli obviously read classical texts before painting it: for example, the Roman writer Plinio made the description of the painting by the Greek artist Apelles that showed Venus rising from the sea or a Homeric hymn that told about Zephyrus that blows his wind on Aphrodite. Vasari was probably correct in identifying her as "Aura", personification of a lighter breeze. For example Poliziano talks of multiple Horae and zephyrs. Sandro Botticelli (1445–1510) Alternative names: Birth name: Allessandro Filipepi Sandro Filipepi Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi Botticelli: Descrive: Italian pintor e artiste: Date of birth/death: 1 marto 1445 / 1445 17 maio 1510 / 16 maio 1510 Location of birth/death: Firenze: Firenze: Work location [32], The laurel trees at right and laurel wreath worn by the Hora are punning references to the name "Lorenzo", though it is uncertain whether Lorenzo il Magnifico, the effective ruler of Florence, or his young cousin Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco is meant. [9], The painting is large, but slightly smaller than the Primavera, and where that is a panel painting, this is on the cheaper support of canvas. The sea brings forth Venus just as the Virgin gives birth to the ultimate symbol of love, Christ. Their bodies, by an endless intricacy of embrace, sustain the current of movement, which finally flickers down their legs and is dispersed like an electric charge. Botticelli represented the Neoplatonic idea of divine love in the form of a nude Venus.[28]. The hair of Venus and the flying couple was changed. – 1510. május 17.) The Primavera is now usually dated earlier, after Botticelli's return from Rome in 1482 and perhaps around the time of Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco's wedding in July 1482,[23] but by some still before Botticelli's departure. Slika je v galeriji Uffizi v [[FirenceFirencah v Italiji. They have been endlessly analysed by art historians, with the main themes being: the emulation of ancient painters and the context of wedding celebrations (generally agreed), the influence of Renaissance Neo-Platonism (somewhat controversial), and the identity of the commissioners (not agreed). Studies in the art of the Renaissance, Phaidon 1972. First, it is a representation of a nude woman: this kind of subject was restricted during the Medieval ages - the only exception was an image of Eve in the Garden of Eden. In the same way the flowers in the air around Zephyr and on the textiles worn and carried by the Hora evoke the name of Florence.[33]. University of Birmingham: Dr David Hemsoll, The Story of Nastagio Degli Onesti, part one, Venus and the Three Graces Presenting Gifts to a Young Woman, A Young Man Being Introduced to the Seven Liberal Arts, Madonna of the Rosegarden (Madonna del Roseto), Madonna of the Magnificat (Madonna del Magnificat), Madonna of the Pomegranate (Madonna della Melagrana), Madonna Adoring the Child with Five Angels, Virgin and Child with the Infant St. John the Baptist, The Virgin and Child with Three Angels (Madonna del Padiglione), Portrait of a Man with a Medal of Cosimo the Elder, Portrait of a Young Man holding a Medallion, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Birth_of_Venus&oldid=1003027626, Articles containing Italian-language text, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Mack, Charles R. (2002),"Botticelli's Venus: Antique Allusions and Medicean Propaganda,", This page was last edited on 27 January 2021, at 03:14. Cette image a été retouchée, ce qui signifie qu'elle a été modifiée par ordinateur et est différente de l'image d'origine.Liste des modifications : This image derives from an image which also appears on this page.In this version intensity of the colouration has been lowered overall from the reproduction from which it was derived. Kevät on kooltaan varsin suuri, noin kaksi metriä korkea ja runsaat kolme metriä leveä. In the centre the newly-born goddess Venus stands nude in a giant scallop shell. The Birth of Venus (Italian: Nascita di Venere [ˈnaʃʃita di ˈvɛːnere]) is a painting by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli, probably made in the mid 1480s.It depicts the goddess Venus arriving at the shore after her birth, when she had emerged from the sea fully-grown (called Venus Anadyomene and often depicted in art). Add a photo to this gallery Its size is purely imaginary, and is also found in classical depictions of the subject. Examples seem to have been exported to France and Germany, probably influencing Lucas Cranach the Elder among others. The Birth of Venus, painted by Sandro Botticelli in the 1480s, is one of the most famous paintings in the world: it is a celebrated work of art and the high point of a visit to the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. [16] Botticelli never painted landscape backgrounds with great detail or realism, but this is especially the case here. But in 1975 it emerged that, unlike the Primavera, the Birth is not in the inventory, apparently complete, made in 1499 of the works of art belonging to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco's branch of the family. Recent scholars prefer a date of around 1484–86 on grounds of the work's place in the development of Botticelli's style. Viewed from a religious standpoint, the nudity of Venus suggests that of Eve before the Fall as well as the pure love of Paradise. As with most other gods and goddesses in Roman mythology, the literary concept of Venus is mantled in whole-cloth borrowings from the literary Greek mythology of her equivalent counterpart, Aphrodite. E pintura ta ilustra cu Zephyr, dios di biento, ta supl'e na canto di tera unda un otro dios ta wardando e cu un mantel. Both have wings. [37], Having a large standing female nude as the central focus was unprecedented in post-classical Western painting, and certainly drew on the classical sculptures which were coming to light in this period, especially in Rome, where Botticelli had spent 1481–82 working on the walls of the Sistine Chapel. In particular, both Primavera and Birth of Venus have been seen as wedding paintings that suggest appropriate behaviors for brides and grooms. [22], Horne dated the work at some point after the purchase of the villa in 1477 and before Botticelli's departure for Rome to join the painting of the Sistine Chapel in 1481. In the case of Botticelli's Birth of Venus, the suggested references to Lorenzo, supported by other internal indicators such as the stand of laurel bushes at the right, would have been just the sort of thing erudite Florentine humanists would have appreciated. Sandro was intensely religious. James Hankins, "The Myth of the Platonic Academy of Florence,", More clearly in the Latin Florentia ("flowering") than in the Italian Firenze. There is a contrast between the title of the work and what it represents: we do not see the moment of Venus’ birth. The Birth of Venus (Italian: Nascita di Venere [ˈnaʃʃita di ˈvɛːnere]) is a painting by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli, probably made in the mid 1480s. Her shoulders, for example, instead of forming a sort of architrave to her torso, as in the antique nude, run down into her arms in the same unbroken stream of movement as her floating hair. Plato further argued that contemplation of physical beauty allowed the mind to better understand spiritual beauty. This was first suggested by Herbert Horne in his monograph of 1908, the first major modern work on Botticelli, and long followed by most writers, but more recently has been widely doubted, though it is still accepted by some. This interpretation takes much that is generally agreed, but Mack goes on to explain the painting as an allegory extolling the virtues of Lorenzo de' Medici. Venus is the Roman counterpart to the Greek goddess Aphrodite. [30], More recently, questions have arisen about Neoplatonism as the dominant intellectual system of late 15th-century Florence,[31] and scholars have indicated that there might be other ways to interpret Botticelli's mythological paintings. The Birth of Venus is a painting by Sandro Botticelli (1445 – May 17, 1510). The Roman images in various media showing the new-born Venus in a giant shell may well be crude derivative versions of these paintings. of Venus it might be better to view it from a variety of perspectives. He is in the air, and carries a young female, who is also blowing, but less forcefully. [45], These essentially pagan readings of Botticelli's Birth of Venus should not exclude a more purely Christian one, which may be derived from the Neoplatonic reading of the painting indicated above. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks. (1477-1485) (1477-1485) Botticelli- The Spring La nascita di Venere, deutsch: Die Geburt der Venus ist ein Gemälde von Sandro Botticelli. Dempsey, saying Wind is "the most important and complete Neo-Platonic interpretation of Botticelli’s mythological paintings". "[15], Venus' body is anatomically improbable, with elongated neck and torso. ... the suspension of our reason is achieved by the intricate rhythms of the drapery which sweep and flow irresistibly around the nude figures. Bellingham, David, "Aphrodite deconstructed: Botticelli's "Venus and Mars" in the National Gallery, London", in Brill's Companion to Aphrodite, Eds Amy C. Smith, Sadie Pickup, 2010, BRILL, ISBN 9047444507, 9789047444503, google books Various interpretations of the painting rely on this origin for its meaning. The "House of Venus" in Pompeii has a life-size fresco of Venus lying in the shell, also seen in other works; in most other images she stands with her hands on her hair, wringing the water from it, with or without a shell. Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi hay là Sandro Botticelli hoặc Il Botticello hoặc ngắn gọn là Botticelli, sinh năm 1445 mất ngày 17 tháng 5 năm 1510, là một họa sĩ người Ý và nhà đồ họa in ấn của những năm đầu thời kỳ Phục hưng. Although it now seems that the painting was executed for another member of the Medici family, it likely was intended to celebrate and flatter its head, Lorenzo de' Medici. The land probably represents either Cythera or Cyprus, both Mediterranean islands regarded by the Greeks as territories of Venus. The early, Etruscan or Latin goddess of vegetation and gardens became deliberately associated with the Greek Goddess Aphrodite. Botticelli's posthumous reputation suffered until the late 19th century, when he was rediscovered by the Pre-Raphaelites who stimulated a reappraisal of his work. While Botticelli might well have been celebrated as a revivified Apelles, his Birth of Venus also testified to the special nature of Florence's chief citizen, Lorenzo de' Medici. Although relations were perhaps always rather tense between the Magnifico and his young cousins and wards, Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco and his brother Giovanni di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, it may have been politic to commission a work that glorified the older Lorenzo, as some interpretations have it. [1] As depictions of subjects from classical mythology on a very large scale they were virtually unprecedented in Western art since classical antiquity, as was the size and prominence of a nude female figure in the Birth. It used to be thought that they were both commissioned by the same member of the Medici family, but this is now uncertain. ", "What 'Venus', Now At The MFA, Can Teach Us About Renaissance Painter Sandro Botticelli", "Botticelli and the Search for the Divine", University of Birmingham, 18 min introductory lecture. The painting is in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. This hypothesis would seem to be born out by the orange trees in the painting, which are considered an emblem of the Medici dynasty, on account of the assonance between the family name and the name of the orange tree, which at the time was ‘mala medica’. Next, there is the news of the mythological theme that in the 1480s was absolutely a new type of painting. Lorenzo, furthermore, is not only magnificent but, as was Alexander in Pliny's story, also magnanimous, as well. [42] This has not been adopted by Renaissance art historians in general,[43] and it remains problematic, since it depends on the painting being commissioned by the Medici, yet the work is not documented in Medici hands until well into the following century. This picture decayed from age and rottenness, and Nero ... substituted for it another painting by the hand of Dorotheus".[40]. The laurel trees and the grass below them are green with gold highlights, most of the waves regular patterns, and the landscape seems out of scale with the figures. The youthful and voluptuous couple recline in … Venus was commonly associated with the Greek goddess Aphrodite and the Etruscan deity Turan, borrowing aspects from each. Botticelli's famous painting of The Birth of Venus was executed in the middle of the 1480s. Its size is purely imaginary, and is also found in classical depictions of the subject. Sandro Botticelli (1445–1510) Alternative navne: Birth name: Allessandro Filipepi Sandro Filipepi Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi Botticelli: Beskrivelse: kunstmaler og kunstner: Fødsels- og dødsdato: 1. marts 1445 17. maj 1510 / 16. maj 1510 Fødsels- og dødssted: Firenze: Firenze: Arbejdssted Thought to be based in part on the Venus de' Medici, an ancient Greek marble sculpture of Aphrodite. [7] Flora is generally the Roman equivalent of the Greek Chloris; in the Primavera Chloris is transformed into the figure of Flora next to her, following Ovid's Fasti,[8] but it is hard to see that such a transformation is envisaged here. [51], For classical examples, see below. Nașterea lui Venus (Afrodita) (în italiană: Nascita di Venere [ˈnaʃʃita di ˈvɛːnere]) este o pictură realizată de Sandro Botticelli în anul 1484, aflată la Galeria Uffizi, Florența.Este o reprezentare a zeiței Venus, născută din spuma mării, ca femeie matură (numită Venus Anadyomene).. Ca model i-a servit și în această pictură frumoasa italiană Simonetta Vespucci. Samantha Roddick explores the enduring appeal of Botticelli's masterpiece The Birth of Venus, one of the most celebrated paintings in western art. El a pint'e para riba un cocolishi, pasobra ta bisa cu Venus a nace na lama. Influences of religion on Botticelli. Venus and Mars (or Mars and Venus) is a panel painting of about 1485 by the Italian Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli. Flora is generally the Roman equivalent of the Greek Chloris; in the Primavera Chloris is transformed into the figure of Flora next to her, following Ovid's Fasti, but it is hard to see that such a transformation is envisaged here.
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